Tax Bracket Calculator
See exactly which tax brackets your income falls into and calculate your effective tax rate for US or UK.
Tax Bracket Calculator
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Most people misunderstand how tax brackets work — and it costs them. A common fear is "a pay rise will put me in a higher bracket and I'll take home less." This is incorrect. Tax brackets are marginal: only the income above each threshold is taxed at the higher rate, not your entire salary. This calculator shows exactly how your income is taxed across each bracket for US federal tax (2024) or UK income tax (2024-25). Enter your income and see a full bracket breakdown: how much of your income falls in each band, the tax on that portion, and your effective tax rate — the actual percentage of your total income paid in tax. The effective rate is almost always lower than the marginal rate. A $100,000 US income is in the 22% bracket, but the effective rate is approximately 17.9% because only the income above $47,150 is taxed at 22%. Everything below that threshold is taxed at 10% or 12%.
How to Use the Tax Bracket Calculator
The Tax Bracket Calculator is designed to give you an accurate answer in seconds. Follow these steps:
- 1Enter your details into the input fields above.
- 2Adjust any settings, toggles, or unit selections to match your situation.
- 3Your results appear automatically — review the output and adjust any inputs to explore different scenarios.
No account or sign-up required. All calculations run locally in your browser — nothing is stored or transmitted to any server.
How It Works
Tax = Σ (Income in each bracket × Bracket rate) | Effective Rate = Total Tax ÷ Gross Income
The progressive tax system works like a series of buckets. Each bracket has a maximum capacity. Income fills each bucket from the bottom up, with the rate applied only to the income within that bucket. For each bracket: tax = min(income, bracket_ceiling) - bracket_floor × bracket_rate. Sum all brackets to get total tax. Divide by total income for effective rate. Example: $75,000 US single filer (2024). 10% bracket: $0–$11,600 = $1,160 12% bracket: $11,600–$47,150 = $4,266 22% bracket: $47,150–$75,000 = $6,127 Total tax = $11,553 Effective rate = $11,553 ÷ $75,000 = 15.4% Note: this shows federal income tax only. State/local taxes, Social Security (6.2%), and Medicare (1.45%) are separate deductions not included here.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
The marginal rate is the rate applied to the last dollar earned — the highest bracket your income reaches. The effective rate is total tax paid divided by total income — the average rate across all your income. A $100,000 US income has a 22% marginal rate but a 17.9% effective rate. The effective rate is always lower than the marginal rate in a progressive system because lower portions of income are taxed at lower rates.
Will a pay rise put me in a higher tax bracket?
Only the additional income above the bracket threshold is taxed at the higher rate — not your entire salary. If you earn $46,000 and get a $5,000 raise, only the $5,850 that exceeds the $47,150 threshold moves into the 22% bracket. The rest is still taxed at 10% and 12%. A pay rise cannot make you worse off after tax — that is a myth. You will always take home more money after a raise.
What are the US federal tax brackets for 2024?
For single filers in 2024: 10% on income up to $11,600; 12% from $11,600–$47,150; 22% from $47,150–$100,525; 24% from $100,525–$191,950; 32% from $191,950–$243,725; 35% from $243,725–$609,350; 37% above $609,350. Married filing jointly uses approximately double these thresholds. This calculator shows the full breakdown for your income.
What are the UK income tax brackets for 2024-25?
UK income tax (2024-25): Personal Allowance of £12,570 is tax-free. Basic rate 20% applies from £12,571–£50,270. Higher rate 40% applies from £50,271–£125,140. Additional rate 45% applies above £125,140. Note: National Insurance contributions are separate from income tax and not included in this calculator. Scotland uses a different set of rates.
Does this include state taxes?
No — this calculator shows federal income tax only for the US, and UK income tax only. US state income taxes vary from 0% (in states like Texas, Florida, and Nevada) to over 13% (California). To find your total tax burden, add your state's income tax rate to the effective federal rate shown here. For most states, state income tax adds 3–8% on top of federal rates.